Ethical Issues For Public Employees - 761 Words

In the ethical battle of whether to move forward in publishing the compensation of taxpayer-funded city employees, I am choosing to move forward with the story. I have two possible courses of action in which I can take: to publish the story or not to publish the story. I am moving forward with the story because this story is about transparency and transparency with the public. Taxpayers are paying to fund these employees; therefore, it would be a disservice to them to terminate the story. However, I will only disclose the public employee’s basic compensation and job title, but I will not identify the employees by name. By publishing the story, members of the community have the option to further research salary information of government†¦show more content†¦The ethical concern at large is whether posting employees names attached with their salary is deviling into people’s privacy. From an individual’s safety standpoint, I do not think by publishing this i nformation the safety of these employees will be compromised. I do not believe it would be compromised because all of this information is already available for the public to find through databases. In my story, I think it is important to gain different perspectives from both public officials across the board from a police officer or firefighter, to a teacher or other entry-level employees about whether they believe taxpayer-funded salaries should be made easily accessible for public record. I would also interview different taxpayers in the community about their thoughts of transparency of the salaries in order to first state the numbers and facts of the story, but then to incorporate diverse opinions and perspectives of both sides of the aisle. However, in choosing whether to publish or not to publish this story, I was motivated by the individuals who will be affected by the decision. By not posting the story, the taxpayers in the community could remain in the dark to salary secrecy of the very public officials in charge of serving them. On the other hand, these public officials and public safety officials face the possibility of community backlash and harsh criticism. My job as aShow MoreRelatedEthical Behavior And Ethical Behaviour1102 Words   |  5 PagesEthical behaviour is the ability to make decisions to act in the morally acceptable manner Dalke Ankerstar, 1995, p.7). It is critical in any organization because it helps in building a good reputation that becomes a company’s selling point. A good reputation enhances mutual understanding between the company and its publics that is the stakeholders, government, employees, customers and the general public. It gains the company a competitive edge in the business environment. 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However, such behavior is deviated from the company’s fundamental tenet for this company take the concept that apparel manufacturing should treat worker as well as possible. b) Reasons for such ethical issue are 1) Treating employees well is the company’s core belief. Randomly

Susan Glaspell s Trifles On The Matter Under The Murder...

Gender equality is a hot issue concerned by society from the past to the present. Susan Glaspell wrote Trifles in 1919 implying the matter under the murder investigation. It was 4 years before women had a right to vote in the United States in 1920. The story is about the investigation of the county attorney, Sheriff, Mrs. Hales and two women Mrs. Peter and Mrs. Hales regarding Mr. Wright’s death. It is also about the prejudice and discrimination of men toward women and the women’s status in the society at this point of time. The beginning of the story shows the unamiable and unfair attitude of the County Attorney and Sheriff toward the women. When Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale say that Mrs. Wright worries for her fruit, the Attorney and Sheriff make sarcastic comments to Mrs. Wright and all women. â€Å"Here’s a nice mess† said the Attorney (Glaspell 3). â€Å"Can you beat the women! Held for murder and worryin’ about her preserves,† said Sheriff (Glaspell 3). â€Å"†¦she may have something more serious than preserves to worry about.† said Attorney (Glaspell 3). â€Å"Women are used to worrying over trifles.† said Mr. Hale (Glaspell 3). From the women’s perspective, a kitchen is their own domain; but it is nothing to the men. The Attorney kicks the pan under the sink shows unrespect to the Wright and the women. However the women in the story just keep silent and their displease feeling about the men’s opinion and rudeness. Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale tolerate the unequal standpoint from their husbandShow MoreRelatedSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1174 Words   |  5 Pages A Jury of Her Peers is a short story written by Susan Glaspell in 1917 and follows the investigation of the murder of John Wright, with his wife Minnie Wright being the alleged murderer. Martha and Lewis Hale assist Sheriff Peters and his wife, Mrs. Peters, with investigating the scene of the crime. Throughout the story, women notice significance in their findings, of which the men overlook. The men have a dismissive attitude towards the women, ignoring their contributions. When the women solveRead MoreFeminism : Women s Rights On The Grounds Of Political, Social, And Economic Equality1529 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism is a term defined as the advocacy of women s rights on the grounds of political, social, and economic equality to men. This theory is centered on women living in patriarchal society. During the 1900s life for women differed greatly from the lives of men. Patriarch communities were very prevalent during this time. As a result Susan Glaspell dedicated many, if not all of her works as dramas describing the restricting view of women living in the early twentieth century. Feminism shows howRead MoreDrama Essay Trifles2158 Words   |  9 PagesMuller English 106/ Drama Essay 15 May 2006 Drama Essay Trifles Trifles, Susan Glaspell’s play written in 1916, reveal concerns of women living in a male dominated society. Glaspell communicates the role that women were expected to play in late 19th century society and the harm that can come of it to women, as well as men. The feminist agenda of Trifles was made obvious, in order to portray the lives of all women who live oppressed under male domination. John and Minnie Wright are two main charactersRead MoreSusan Glaspell s Trifles Essay2025 Words   |  9 Pagescoming?† (Welty qtd. In Literature ). Trifles is a short play, by Susan Glaspell that was written in the 20th century when women were possession of the husband. The division between men and women in the play not just mentally or emotionally but it was also physically , and that symbolizes the different between genders at this time. Susan Glaspell shows that through her characters in this play. Glaspell uses the characters (Mr. Wright and Mrs. Wright) to prove how men wereRead More Intuition in A Jury of Her Peers Essay1189 Words   |  5 PagesIntuition in A Jury of Her Peers      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Though men and women are now recognized as generally equal in talent and intelligence, when Susan Glaspell wrote A Jury of Her Peers in 1917, it was not so. In this turn-of-the-century, rural midwestern setting, women were often barely educated and possessed virtually no political or economic power. And, being the weaker sex, there was not much they could do about it. Relegated to home and hearth, women found themselves at the mercy of the moreRead MoreSusan Glaspell s `` Trifles ``924 Words   |  4 Pageswas a control maniac and demanded power in every aspect of this poor woman’s life; No Children, No Song, No Friends; she had nothing, which meant nothing to lose. In Susan Glaspell’s drama, â€Å"Trifles†, we explore the gender inequality between men and women of that time and why that has such a large influence on the murder investigation. The women in this novel and of this time period seemed to have hope pre-marriage, Mrs. Wright had hope pre-marriage, it was a sense of freedom and gave them rights

The History of Modern Architecture Essay Example For Students

The History of Modern Architecture Essay With the onset of the nineteenth century, the world was thrust into a new era of industrial productivity. The industrial revolution brought an influx of innovation that rapidly and forever changed the industrial landscape of the world. From the advanced cultures of western civilization to regions of instability and poverty, new technologies that spawned from the industrial revolution had everlasting impacts. The industrial revolution had a vast array of effects on architectural practices, ranging from architectural style to construction materials, which benefited society as a whole. Never before seen construction materials were what highlighted the architectural revolutions during the industrial revolution. Before the nineteenth century, primitive building materials such as brick, wood, and stone were all that were used to create any sort of shelter. As the industrial realm began to expand, metals such as iron were then able to be mined in vast quantities â€Å"and replace wood, brick, and stone as primary materials for large buildings† (Building Design/Architecture). Charles Bage, a mill owner from Britain, was a pioneer in the use of iron as a replacement for such primitive materials. His original architectural design, which he created in 1796 and was known as the â€Å"fireproof design, made use of cast iron, brick, and flagstone to greatly increase the strength of his mill, which allowed for the accommodation of larger and heavier machinery. Although his design proved unreliable, due to the collapse of several mills in Great Britain, â€Å"it was not until the early 1830s that Eaton Hodgkinson introduced the section beam, did the use of iron in industrial architecture become widespread† (Structures and Technology). As architects began to perfect preserving the structural integrity of their designs, doors to new opportunities of design began to open. With materials such as iron and glass already in mass circulation and use, around halfway through the nineteenth century, a material so critical and influential drastically changed the process of industrialization: steel. â€Å"Before the industrial revolution, buildings with multiple stories were supported solely by their walls† (Modern Architecture). With a much more urban society beginning to form, a need for bigger and taller buildings developed. Because of this, a phenomenon known as vertical urbanization began to take hold of cities worldwide. Vertical urbanization literally means building upward, as in making buildings taller rather than making a larger quantity of smaller buildings. The use of vertical urbanization saves vast amounts of land, and is much more economically beneficial than traditional horizontal urbanization. Vertical urbanization rendered the practice of resting all the weight of a building on its walls completely obsolete, and made steel arguably the single most important product to be bought and sold on a worldwide scale. The mass production of steel was the main driving force behind the ability to build skyscrapers during the mid 1880s† (Building Design/Architecture). â€Å" A combination of steel and reinforced concrete allowed for the building of skyscrapers† (Sreekanth 1). The steel frame provides stability throughout the skyscraper while evenly distributing the weight of the building. William Le Baron Jenney is credited with building the first skyscraper in America, in 1884. Soon after, skyscrapers would begin to take over downtown and commercial areas of most major cities worldwide. Thanks to the industrial revolution, steel was made readily available, and allowed for the incorporation of skyscrapers into the urban landscape. From the beginning of civilization to right before the nineteenth century, architecture was just as much of a form of art as painting a picture is. For every building constructed, a specific plan would be formulated by an architect and the construction would follow the architect’s vision, thus creating a one of a kind structure. But as the Industrial revolution gripped the world, the artistic aspect of architecture essentially disappeared. .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 , .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .postImageUrl , .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 , .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873:hover , .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873:visited , .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873:active { border:0!important; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873:active , .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873 .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4b6eaf700aa5962f9beddc35a2adb873:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History of Graffiti EssayFor the most part, buildings were standardized; meaning that parts used for construction would be mass produced resulting in a very homogenous look for buildings of the same functionality. Construction companies would focus on building cheaper and faster rather than originality or making buildings pleasing to the eye. Even if some artistic aspects were to be added for visual purposes, they would be from a production line with thousands of others exactly like them. For instance, â€Å"All the beams and columns were mass produced were mass produced to standardized designs† (The Industrial Revolution 1080-1900). This shows how even columns that were supposed to be representing traditional Roman architectural style were stripped of all craftsmanship and originality. Even so, architects and their skills were still needed. â€Å"Architects to design canals, tunnels, bridges, and railroad stations were in high demand† (Design Presentation). The difference was that these architects were generally not hired to create original works, but simply to put up bridges and tunnels that would get the job done. Some architects however, did not feel inclined to conform to the new phenomenon of industrial architecture. Many architects separated and formed their own factions dedicated to restoring the art to architecture. One such group, called â€Å"The Royal Institute of Bristol Architects, tended to focus on designing art galleries, houses for the rich, law courts, libraries, and so forth† (The Industrial Revolution 1780-1900). Due to such factions being created, a divide began to emerge between the two separate types of architects. As the human race continues to progress, the architecture created by us continues to change and evolve to fit our needs. The Industrial Revolution was a time period of critical change that overall caused architecture to change as well, for the better. Besides losing some romantic characteristics, architectural practices changed to better suit the needs of humanity due to the Industrial Revolution and architectural practices will continue to evolve to meet the demands of humanity for as long as humanity exists. Bibliography: â€Å"Building Design/ Architecture – The Industrial Revolution-new Materials.† Science.jrank.org. Net Industries, n.d. Web. 11 Feb. 2014 â€Å"Impact of Industrial Revolution on Architectural Design.† Designpresentation.com. DesignPresentation Associates, Inc, 10 Oct. 2012. Web 13 Feb. 2014 â€Å"Modern Architecture.† Library.thinkquest.org. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. P.S., Sreekanth. â€Å"Impact of Industrial Revoltuion on Architecture.† The Archi Blog. N.p., 2 June 2011. Web. 13 Feb. 2014. Architecture The Industrial Revolution. M9-Architecture and the Industrial Revolution: Art Appreciation. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014. Structures and Technolgy. Boundless. N.p., n.d. Web. 01 Apr. 2014.  . The Industrial Revolution 1780 1900. Berkeley Methodology. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2014.

Salem Witch Trials Informative Essay free essay sample

While these trials were taking place the judges and jurors would torture the accused â€Å"witches† until they would confess, once they confessed they would spare their lives and imprison. If they continued to claim to be innocent they were hung from Gallows Hill, just outside of Salem, Massachusetts, changing our judicial system forever. (Goss, 2008) One of the first women to be accused of witchcraft in Salem was a slave of the Parris family, Tituba. She was the first to be accused and the first to confess to witchcraft after being severely beaten by Samuel Parris. Tituba was an easier target to accuse of witchcraft because she was a slave and not of much importance. After Tituba was accused, Sarah Good and Sarah Osborne, who were also of low statute and accused of witchcraft, were immediately arrested, interrogated, and tortured in attempt to get them to confess to dealing with the devil. These women all tried to plea their innocence but the girls all acted out, displaying terrible behaviors such as thrashing themselves on the floor, mimicking the accused, and even screaming out in pain until the accused person would admit to witchcraft. The people of Salem were swallowed up by the impact these young girls, ages twelve to twenty, were having upon finding witches and wizards within the community. The jurors would just falsely accuse these people without any real hard evidence. The judges and jurors would sentence people to death just by having spectral evidence against them. (Blumburg, 2007) Soon after Tituba, Sarah Good, and Sarah Osborne were tried, an increasing number of people in the community started to become accused, putting neighbors against neighbors. Abigail Williams, one of the ten afflicted girls, claimed to be tormented by the specter of Rebecca Nurse, a very well respected woman of Salem. After this accusation against Rebecca, she was arrested and brought in for questioning and many more respected women throughout the community were starting to be accused for tormenting the â€Å"afflicted girls† and other members of the community. Soon after Rebecca Nurse was examined and questioned, four more people were accused and arrested- Giles Cory, Abigail Hobbs, Mary Warren, and Bridget Bishop. Bridget Bishop was the first victim to be executed for witchcraft practices. (Goss, 2008) In an attempt to find people as innocent or guilty of witchcraft the Judges would order the accused men and women to strip naked and be shaved everywhere on their bodies, including their genitals, and would have them searched for â€Å"Witches Teats. † These were often moles or natural blemishes of the skin. This was believed to be one of the best ways to identify a witch; they were believed to be the â€Å"Devils Mark,† a place where the devil had kissed the supposed witches (Sargent, 2002). Another method they would use to try and prove if one were a Witch was tying their hands behind backs and throwing them in water. If the accused sank, he or she was not a witch, but if they floated they were believed him or her to be a witch. People thought this because it was said that if a witch burned, she was made from wood. Therefore, she would float just like wood would. (Wenkler) May 10, 1692 Sarah Osborne became the first woman to die in prison from torture. Soon after, Sir William Phips became governor of Massachusetts. Phips commissioned a special court to hear and determine the pending witchcraft cases. Governor Phips appointed seven justices to serve on the Court, and named William Stoughton as the Chief Justice and Deputy Governor on May 27, 1692. About two weeks after Stoughton was appointed, his first decision as Chief Justice and Deputy Governor was to sentence and execute Bridget Bishop on June 10, 1692. Bridget was the first of many to be wrongly executed on Gallows Hill. (Goss, 2008) On July 19, 1692 the first group of victims, Sarah Good, Rebecca Nurse, Susannah Martin, Elizabeth Howe, and Sarah Wildes were executed by hanging on Gallows Hill right outside of Salem. On August 5, 1692 George Jacobs stood trial, claiming his innocence of witchcraft, but his granddaughter, Margret, a confessed witch of Salem, testified against him. She soon retracted her testimony against her grandfather, feeling guilty, but it was too late because August 19, 1692 was the second execution day. The second group of victims- John and Elizabeth Proctor, John Willard, Martha Carrier and Reverend George Burroughs- were hung on Gallows Hill, Salem. The bodies of the executed were not believed to be Christians anymore and were not allowed proper Christian burials. But were all just thrown into shallow graves near where they were executed. (Goss, 2008) After these executions, Mary Eastey wrote and submitted a petition to the courts, â€Å"No more innocent blood shall be (Blumburg, 2007). There were thirty-nine people who signed that petition and many of them were then accused of witchcraft, but most of them were found innocent. On September 19, 1692 Giles Cory was charged with witchcraft and brought to stand trial in Salem. Cory refused to make a plea, an act to prevent his trial, and was then subjected to the torture of â€Å"pressing. This method of torture took two days of piling rocks on top of a wooden board placed on his body before it took his life. A few days after Giles Cory was killed, September 22, 1692, was the third and final execution day of witches in Salem. The victims Martha Cory, Mary Eastey, Alice Parker, Ann Pudeater, Margaret Scott, Wilmot Redd, Samuel Wardwell, and Mary Parker were hung on Gallows Hill. (Goss, 2008) Almo st all of the executions took place because of the testimony of the ten â€Å"afflicted girls† of Salem. These girls, aging from twelve to twenty sent almost 100 people to prison or to their deaths because of their accusations. On October 8, 1692 Thomas Brattle issued a challenge of the court in â€Å"A letter to a Reverend Gentleman. † He questioned the wisdom of accepting the testimonies of the â€Å"afflicted girls. † When Phips received this letter he shut down the Salem Court. Accusations continued to be made throughout Massachusetts, but were met with a new public response and most accusations were withdrawn. Governor Phips forbade the use of spectral evidence, which then nullified the testimonies of the â€Å"afflicted girls. In May of 1663 Governor Phips received instructions from England to discontinue the trials and put an end to all proceedings of witchcraft. All who were condemned in jail were pardoned and released. On December 17, 1696 Governor William Stoughton issued a proclamation declaring a colony-wide day of fasting and prayer â€Å"so that God’ s people may offer up fervent supplications [to God] that all iniquity may be put away which hath stirred God’s Holy jealousy against this land†¦referring to the late tragedy, raised among us by Satan†¦through the awful judgment of God† (Goss, 2008). The Salem Witch Trials changed our judicial system. Many people were wrongly accused of Witchcraft and killed or imprisoned because of spectral evidence and the thought that you are guilty until proven innocent. We now look at our judicial system as innocent until proven guilty. People must have actual proven evidence and testimonies. I believe we as Americans have definitely come a long way with being fair to those wrongly accused. Bibliography Blumburg, J. (2007). http://www. smithsonianmag. com/history-archaeology/brief-salem. html? =yamp;story=fullstory. smithsonianmag. com, 1. Retrieved from www. smithsonianmag. com. Goss, K. D. (2008). The Salem Witch Trials. In K. D. Goss, The Salem Witch Trials (pp. 1-183). Westport: Greenwood Press. Sargent, J. (Director). (2002). The Salem Witch Trials [Motion Picture]. Wenkler, P. (n. d. ). http://education. nationalgeographic. com/education/media/salem-witch-trials-interactive/? ar_a=1. Retrieved from National Geographic: http://education . nationalgeographic. com/education/media/salem-witch-trials-interactive/? ar_a=1

Failures Can Be Productive Essay Example

Failures Can Be Productive Essay Productive failures are gateways for productive successes. Productive failures are those where we know that we are doing right, but need to take to lessons in application for achieving productive successes. In this competitive world, every individual and every organization intends a lot to achieve success. In search of this, the person or organization, needs to learn lot of new things. This learning will be effective when it involves innovation, experimentation, analysis, observation, willingness etc. The occurrence of failures is inevitable in this context. These failures give empirical evidence of what they can do next time. There are many examples of such productive failures that made individuals or organizations smarter. The organizations can adopt agile practices in their functioning with the help of productive failures. So, even a failure can be productive, when we take it as a ground work for productive success. â€Å"Even failures can be productive† mean that though a failure occurs, if we make use of it, we can gain, something from it. Productive failures can lead to productive successes. Now we need to know the differences between a productive success and an unproductive success. We will write a custom essay sample on Failures Can Be Productive specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Failures Can Be Productive specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Failures Can Be Productive specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An unproductive success is one when something goes well, but nobody knows how or why. Where as a productive success is that for which people know answers for how or why. Many organizations like Proctor and gamble, Xerox, Citicorp etc were got leadership. These organizations which stand as examples for making the failures as productive, now teaching lessons to many organizations. Organizations learning have become more critical as companies face environment of global competition and increasing rate of change. In such environment, there is a greater uncertainty and instability. In this scenario, even the best companies do not get everything right for the first time. Hence failures are very natural for any company. The efficiency of the company lies in how best the company is grabbing an opportunity to find something even from a failure that had occurred. The smart organizations can benefit in long run by productive failures in extracting ways to reach out to customers, suppliers, leaders of other industries, government policy makers and others who can provide information and insights about changing the world. Many organizations or individual persons are generally feel scarce of a failure. Also, the managements of many organizations cannot easily digest the organizational failures. This is the reason why, they do not want to accept for the fear of failure. But success starts with making changes that may be the matter of an organization or an individual. We are living in an environment where not only the success happen quickly, but also the failure can happen even much quicker. Organizations must get motivation to take the failures as challenges and must prove themselves to convert these failures as productive, which lead to successes in the future. Some great said their opinions about making the failures as productive. Some of these are as follows: * You cannot measure a man by his failures. You must know what use he makes of them. What did they mean to him. What did he get out of them? -Orison Swett Marden (1850 – 1924) * To avoid situations in which you might make mistakes may be the biggest mistake of all. -Peter McWilliams * Don’t be discouraged by a failure. It can be a positive experience. Failure is, in a sense, the highway to success, inasmuch as every discovery of what is false leads us to seek earnestly after what is true, and every fresh experience points out some form of error which we shall afterwards carefully avoid. John Keats (1795 – 1821) * Would you like me to give you a formula for success? It’s quite simple, really. Double your rate of failure. You are thinking of failure as the enemy of success. But it isn’t as all. You can be discouraged by failure – or you can learn from it. So go ahead and make mistakes. Make all you can. Because, re member, that’s where you will find success. -Thomas J. Watson * Mistakes are the portals of discovery. -James Joyce (1882 – 1941) People dislike the use of words like â€Å"fail† or â€Å"failure†. It is better to call it as â€Å"poor result†. A failure can always acknowledge that there is a problem that need to be solved Tips to make the failures as productive 1. Fail FAST! 2. Learn from it. 3. Don’t do it the same way again. CONCLUSION A failure can be changed as success by making it as productive. This can be done if we think positively and motivate our self by identifying the problem, whenever a failure occurs. With this identification, half of the problem is solved, leading to success. References: 1. Newspapers: The Hindu Indian express 2. Internet : www. agileforall. com www. productiveflourishing. com

History of Antiseptics & Legacy of Ignaz Semmelweis

History of Antiseptics & Legacy of Ignaz Semmelweis Antiseptic technique and the use of chemical antiseptics is a recent development in the history of surgery and medical treatment. This isnt surprising since the discovery of germs and Pasteurs proof that they could cause disease didnt occur until the last half of the 19th century. Wash Your Hands Hungarian obstetrician Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was born July 1, 1818 and died August 13, 1865. While working at the maternity department of the Vienna General Hospital in 1846, he was concerned with the rate of puerperal fever (also called childbed fever) among the women who gave birth there. This was often a deadly condition. The rate for puerperal fever was five times higher in the ward that was staffed by male doctors and medical students and lower in the ward staffed by midwives. Why should this be? He tried eliminating various possibilities, from the position of giving birth to eliminating a walk-through by a priest after patients died. These had no effect. In 1847, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweiss close friend, Jakob Kolletschka, cut his finger while doing an autopsy. Kolletschka soon died of symptoms like those of puerperal fever. This led Semmelwiss to note that the doctors and medical students often performed autopsies, while the midwives did not. He theorized that particles from the cadavers were responsible for transmitting the disease. He instituted washing hands and instruments with soap and chlorine. At this time, the existence of germs was not generally known or accepted. The miasma theory of disease was the standard one, and chlorine would remove any ill vapors. The cases of puerperal fever dropped dramatically when doctors were made to wash after doing an autopsy. He lectured publicly about his results in 1850. But his observations and results were no match for the entrenched belief that disease was due to an imbalance of humours or spread by miasmas. It also was an irritating task that put blame on spreading disease on the doctors themselves. Semmelweis spent 14 years developing and promoting his ideas, including publishing a poorly-reviewed book in 1861.  In 1865, he suffered a nervous breakdown and was committed to an insane asylum where he soon died from blood poisoning. Only after Dr. Semmelweiss death was the germ theory of disease developed, and he is now recognized as a pioneer of antiseptic policy and prevention of nosocomial disease. Joseph Lister: Antiseptic Principle By the middle of the nineteenth century, post-operative sepsis infection accounted for the death of almost half of the patients undergoing major surgery. A common report by surgeons was: operation successfully but the patient died. Joseph Lister had been convinced of the importance of scrupulous cleanliness and the usefulness of deodorants in the operating room; and when, through Pasteurs research, he realized that the formation of pus was due to bacteria, he proceeded to develop his antiseptic surgical method. The Legacy of Semmelweis and Lister Handwashing  between patients is now recognized as the best way to prevent spreading illness in health care settings. It still is difficult to get full compliance from doctors, nurses and other members of the health care team. Using sterile technique and sterile instruments in surgery has had better success.

Media Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Media - Essay Example Media as a form of communication was introduced about 550 years ago. In the past, there was only print and audio form of media; in the form of newspapers and radios. There has been a lot of growth in the media especially with the introduction of technology. Innovation in media related technology has ensured that the members of the public can access more information and in a timely manner. One of the mass media that revolutionized the advertising, information sharing and entertainment aspects of the media was the introduction of television. This paper will discuss the impact of television on the mass media content and origins of television advertising. Introduction Mass media is an important aspect in the world because it informs the members of the public on current events that are being witnessed around the nation. The advancement in innovations has led to a growth and advancement in the mass media channels. The introduction of television brought a form of media communication whereby individuals could see and hear what was being reported. Television grew to be very popular because could see and hear what was being communicated. Initially, most of the content that was being communicated was mostly informative content such as current events at the local and international level, the weather and documentaries. The content on the televisions was also black and white. With time, the content expanded to include entertainment content like music and soap operas that increased the number of individuals that subscribed to television. Thesis statement: Television media led to the decline in the traditional media channels such print magazines and radio. Television media content The introduction of televisions in the 1950 decade brought competition to the already established newspaper and radio industry. The other forms of media that existed had to establish and introduce new strategies so as to maintain market relevance. In the year 1962, installing and use of satellite Tel star I was initiated (Lamb et al). Real time images and audio content would be transmitted to the audience from wherever it was occurring. This enabled television media to have an upper hand since it could transmit news from all over the world. This gave television media an upper hand in the media because individuals would source information content from all over the world and it had an entertainment factor. According to Barkin (p 10), people liked television media because they felt that it was valid in comparison to radio and newspapers forms of information content. There were few television programs that broadcasted, so some of them had to be repeated before station broadcasting hours ended. The 1980 decade witnessed lot of progress in television media due to the launch of 24 television hours especially in the United States of America (Barkin p 9). This increased the number of audiences for the various television stations that aired throughout the day and night. People who worked at night were kept busy and entertained by the continuous programs on their favorite television stations. With the growing popularity of the television stations, other forms of media such as radio, newspapers and magazines recorded low sales volumes. Some newspapers had to close their businesses due to the high competition from the television stations. A greater number of people preferred to view images as they listened, in contrast to reading or just listening without